Managing State Fragility by Isabel Rocha de Siqueira

Author:Isabel Rocha de Siqueira [Siqueira, Isabel Rocha de]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, Military, General, Political Science, International Relations, Security (National & International), Political Freedom
ISBN: 9781315536590
Google: DiiEDgAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2017-03-27T01:28:04+00:00

Notes

1

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya and Syria are considered ‘fragile situations’ due to the presence of peacekeeping forces but their CPIA ratings are not disclosed (see World Bank 2016c).

2

IBRD is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – like IDA, one of the five institutions comprising the World Bank Group. The mechanisms to determine credit-worthiness are beyond the scope of this analysis but a general overview can be useful:

IBRD clients are middle-income and credit-worthy lower income countries … Only a minority of middle-income countries can be regarded as established bond market borrowers able to access the market regularly at a stable cost. Other countries within the group have only sporadic access or none at all. Therefore, the majority of middle-income countries continue to rely on IBRD to mobilize investments.

(World Bank [2016]-b)

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